【Java 开发】mac 设置 MySQL 数据库默认编码（字符集）为 UTF-8

鉴于有些刚接触 MySQL 数据库的人，经常会碰到数据库中文显示的问题，MySQL 数据库刚安装时默认编码是 latin1，所以如果在数据库建表的时候没有设置 DEFAULT CHARSET=utf8 的话，就会导致数据库无法设置或显示中文的问题，下面给出在 Mac 下将 MySQL 的默认编码改为 UTF-8。

查看自己的 MySQL 的编码方式

先连接 MySQL 数据库，在终端输入以下命令，回车后输入 MySQL 的密码。

/usr/local/mysql/bin/mysql -u root -p

然后输入以下命令查看自己的 MySQL 的编码方式。

show variables like '%char%';

修改 MySQL 的默认编码

进入到 /usr/local/mysql/support-files 目录，找到 my-default.cnf文件，将其复制到桌面上，重命名为 my.cnf 。

右键桌面上的 my.cnf 文件，打开方式选择 文本编辑 ，然后将全部内容替换为下面代码。

# Example MySQL config file for small systems.
#
# This is for a system with little memory (<= 64M) where MySQL is only used
# from time to time and it's important that the mysqld daemon
# doesn't use much resources.
#
# MySQL programs look for option files in a set of
# locations which depend on the deployment platform.
# You can copy this option file to one of those
# locations. For information about these locations, see:
# http://dev.mysql.com/doc/mysql/en/option-files.html
#
# In this file, you can use all long options that a program supports.
# If you want to know which options a program supports, run the program
# with the "--help" option.

# The following options will be passed to all MySQL clients
[client]
default-character-set=utf8
#password   = your_password
port        = 3306
socket      = /tmp/mysql.sock

# Here follows entries for some specific programs

# The MySQL server
[mysqld]
default-storage-engine=INNODB
character-set-server=utf8
collation-server=utf8_general_ci
port        = 3306
socket      = /tmp/mysql.sock
skip-external-locking
key_buffer_size = 16K
max_allowed_packet = 1M
table_open_cache = 4
sort_buffer_size = 64K
read_buffer_size = 256K
read_rnd_buffer_size = 256K
net_buffer_length = 2K
thread_stack = 128K

# Don't listen on a TCP/IP port at all. This can be a security enhancement,
# if all processes that need to connect to mysqld run on the same host.
# All interaction with mysqld must be made via Unix sockets or named pipes.
# Note that using this option without enabling named pipes on Windows
# (using the "enable-named-pipe" option) will render mysqld useless!
#
#skip-networking
server-id   = 1

# Uncomment the following if you want to log updates
#log-bin=mysql-bin

# binary logging format - mixed recommended
#binlog_format=mixed

# Causes updates to non-transactional engines using statement format to be
# written directly to binary log. Before using this option make sure that
# there are no dependencies between transactional and non-transactional
# tables such as in the statement INSERT INTO t_myisam SELECT * FROM
# t_innodb; otherwise, slaves may diverge from the master.
#binlog_direct_non_transactional_updates=TRUE

# Uncomment the following if you are using InnoDB tables
#innodb_data_home_dir = /usr/local/mysql/data
#innodb_data_file_path = ibdata1:10M:autoextend
#innodb_log_group_home_dir = /usr/local/mysql/data
# You can set .._buffer_pool_size up to 50 - 80 %
# of RAM but beware of setting memory usage too high
#innodb_buffer_pool_size = 16M
#innodb_additional_mem_pool_size = 2M
# Set .._log_file_size to 25 % of buffer pool size
#innodb_log_file_size = 5M
#innodb_log_buffer_size = 8M
#innodb_flush_log_at_trx_commit = 1
#innodb_lock_wait_timeout = 50

[mysqldump]
quick
max_allowed_packet = 16M

[mysql]
no-auto-rehash
# Remove the next comment character if you are not familiar with SQL
#safe-updates

[myisamchk]
key_buffer_size = 8M
sort_buffer_size = 8M

[mysqlhotcopy]
interactive-timeout

将修改后的文件 my.cnf 复制到 /etc 目录下。

重启 MySQL 数据库就 ok 了。

大概步骤就是这样了，重启完数据库后可以再按照一开始的方法，看一下自己 MySQL 的数据库编码有没有变成 UTF-8 ，最后附上本文的参考地址。